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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.BACKGROUND - PREREQUISITES

1.1.Basic Elements of Dynamical Cosmology

1.2.Thermal Beginning of the Universe

1.3.Cosmological Parameters

1.4.Distribution of Matter in the Universe

2.DISTANCE SCALE, HUBBLE CONSTANT & THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE

2.1.Distances of Extragalactic Objects

2.2.Biases affecting Distance Determinations

2.3.Distance Indicators:

2.4.The Value of Ho and the Age of the Universe

3.DETERMINATION OF THE MATTER/ENERGY DENSITY OF THE UNIVERSE

3.1. The CMB fluctuation spectrum

3.2.The Hubble diagram with SNIa

3.3.Clustering of Galaxies, Clusters & QSO's

3.4.M/L observations

3.5.Cluster Baryon Fraction:

3.6.Large-Scale Velocity Field:

3.7.Rate of Cluster Formation Evolution:

4.SUMMARY

REFERENCES