REFERENCES
-
Izotov, Y.I. & Thuan, T.X.,
Astrophys. J. 500, 188 (1998a).
-
Turner, M.S., in ``The Proc. of Particle Phys. and the
Universe'' (ed. D.O. Caldwell) (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1999)
astro-ph/9904359.
-
Kolb, E.W., and Turner, M.S., ``The Early Universe'', (Addison Wesley 1990).
-
Reeves, H., Audouze, J., Fowler, W. & Schramm, D. N.,
Astrophys. J. 179, 909 (1973).
-
Wagoner, R. V., Astrophys. J. 179, 343 (1973).
-
Burles, S., Nollett, K.M., Truran, J.N. & Turner, M.S.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4176 (1999)
astro-ph/9901157 (1999b).
-
Olive, K.A., 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic
Astrophysics and Cosmology,
Paris 1998, astro-ph/9903309 (1999b).
-
Olive, K.A., Steigman, G. & Walker, T.P., ``Primordial
Nucleosynthesis : Theory and Observations'' Phys. Rep.
astro-ph/9905320 (1999).
-
Sarkar, S., ``Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Reprise''
astro-ph/9903183 (1999).
-
Schramm, D. N., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 42-46
(http:// www. pnas.org) (1998).
-
Schramm, D. N. & Turner, M. S.,
Rev. Mod. Phys 70, 303-318 (1998).
-
Steigman, G., in ``Stellar Evolution, Stellar Explosions and
Galactic Evolution'',
Proceedings of the Second Oak Ridge Symp., (ed. Mezzacappa),
Inst. of Physics Pub, p101,
(1997) astro-ph/9803055.
-
Copi, C.J., Schramm, D.N. & Turner, M.S.,
Nature, 267, 192 (1995).
-
Olive, K.A., ``Primordial Big Bang Nucleosynthesis'' Summary of
Lectures
at Advanced School of Cosmology and Particle Physics, and Theoretical
and Observational Cosmology Summer School, 44pp,
astro-ph/9901231 (1999a).
-
Sarkar, S., Rept. Prog. Phys. 59, 1493-1610, revised at
hep-ph/9602260 (1996).
-
Boesgaard, A.M. & Steigman, G.,
Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 319 (1985).
-
Crane, P. (ed.) ``The Light Element Abundances'' Springer.
-
Holt, S. & Sonnerborn, G. (eds.) ``Cosmic Abundances'':
Proceedings of the Sixth Annual October Astrophysics Conference, College
Park, Maryland, USA, 9-11
Oct. 1995 Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
Series, vol.99, (1996).
-
Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R. (eds.) ``Primordial
Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution'' Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
-
Prantzos, N. (ed.) ``Nuclei in the Cosmos V'' Proceedings of
International Symposium Volos, Greece Editions Frontieres, Paris (1998).
-
Börner ``The Early Unvierse: Facts and Fiction''
(Springer-Verlag, Berlin) (1988).
-
Coles, P. & Lucchin, F., ``Cosmology: The Origin and
Evolution of Cosmic Structure'' (Wiley & Sons, 1996).
-
Peacock, John,
``Cosmological Physics'' (Cambridge
University Press, 1999).
-
Pradmanabhan, ``Structure Formation in the Universe'',
Cambridge University Press, (1993).
-
Bernstein, J., Brown, L. & Feinberg, G., Rev. Mod. Phys.
61, 25 (1991).
-
Hetherington, N.S. ``Encyclopedia of Cosmology'' (Garland
Publishing Inc. New York 1993), (articles on Big Bang Cosmology, and
Origins of Primordial Nucleosynthesis).
-
Kragh, H., ``Cosmology and controversy : the historical development of
two theories of the universe'' (Princeton University Press, 1996).
-
Lemaitre, G., Nature, 127, 706 (1931).
-
Gamow, G., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32, 353 (1942).
-
Gamow, G., Phys. Rev. 70, 572 (1946).
-
Hayashi, C., Prog. Theor. Phys. Japan 16, 613 (1950).
-
Alpher, R.A., PhD. The George Washington Univ. (1948).
-
Alpher, R.A., Follin, J.W. & Herman, R.C.,
Phys. Rev. 92, 1347 (1953).
-
Wagoner, R. V., Fowler, W.A. & Hoyle, F.,
Astrophys. J. 148, 3 (1967).
-
Lopez, R.E. & Turner, M.S., Phys. Rev. D 59 103502
astro-ph/9807279 (1999).
-
Riotto, A., ``Theories of Baryogenesis'' Lectures at Summer
School (1998), Trieste
hep-ph/9807454.
-
Riotto, A. & Trodden, M., ``Recent Progress in Baryogenesis''
Ann. Rev. Nucl. and Particle Sci. vol. 49 (1999)
hep-ph/9901362.
-
Sakharov, A. D., JETP Lett. 91B, 24 (1967).
-
Peebles, J.P.E.
Astrophys. J. 146, 542 (1966)
-
Hoyle, F. & Tayler, R.J.
Nature 203, 1108 (1964)
-
Irion, R.,
New Scientist Feb. 6, 1999, 26-30.
-
Quinn, H.R. & Witherell, M.S.,
Scientific American 279, no. 4, 76 (1998).
-
Gnedin, N. Y. & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 486, 581 (1997).
-
Peimbert, M. & Torres-Peimbert, S.,
Astrophys. J. 193, 327 (1974).
-
Hogan, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Scully, S.T.,
Astrophys. J. 489, L119 (1997).
-
Olive, K.A., Skillman, E.D. & Steigman, G.,
Astrophys. J. 483, 788
& 489, 1006 (1997).
-
Jedamzik, K. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 452, 33 (1995).
-
Cayrel, R. in Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R.
(eds.) ``Primordial
Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution'' (Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998).
-
Ryan, S. G., Beers, T. C., Olive, K. A., Fields, R. D. & Norris, J. E.,
astro-ph/9905211 (1999b).
-
Epstein, R.I., Lattimer, J.M. & Schramm, D.N.,
Nature 263, 198 (1976).
-
Boyd, R.N., Ferland, G.J. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 336, L1 (1989).
-
Jedamzik, K. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 483, 560
astro-ph/9609103 (1997).
-
Tytler, D., Fan, X. M., & Burles, S.,
Nature 381, 207 (1996).
-
Audouze, J., in ``Nucleosynthesis & Chemical Evolution''
Saas-Fee, Geneva Observatory, (1986) p. 433.
-
Vidal-Madjar, A. & Gry, C.
Astron. Astrophys. 138, 285 (1984)
-
Adams, T.F.,
Astron. Astrophys. 50, 461, (1976).
-
Webb, J. K., Carswell, R.F., Irwin, M.J. & Penston, M.V.
Mon.Not.Roy.Astr.Soc. 250, 657 (1991)
-
Chaffee, F. H., Foltz, C. B., Roser, H.-J., Weymann, R. J.,
& Latham, D. W.,
Astrophys. J. 292, 362 (1985).
-
Chaffee, F. H., Foltz, C. B., Bechtold, J. & Weymann, R. J.
Astrophys. J. 301, 116 (1986).
-
Carswell, R. F., Rauch, M., Weymann, R. J., Cooke, A. J.,&
Webb, J. K.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 268, L1 (1994).
-
Vogt, S. S., et al., Proc. SPIE, 2198, 362 (1994).
-
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J. 499, 699
astro-ph/9712108 (1998b).
-
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J. 507, 732
astro-ph/9712109 (1998a).
-
Kirkman, D., Tytler, D., Burles, S., Lubin, D., & O'Meara, J.,
Astrophys. J., in press Jan. 2000
astro-ph/9907128 (1999).
-
Webb, J. K., Carswell, R. F., Lanzetta, K. M., Ferlet, R., Lemoine,
M., Vidal-Madjar, A., & Bowen, D. V.
Nature 388, 250 (1997a).
-
Webb, J. K., et al., preprint,
astro-ph/9710089 (1997b).
-
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
astro-ph/9812114 (1998).
-
Tytler, D., et al.,
Astrophys. J. 117, 63
astro-ph/9810217 (1999).
-
Molaro, P., Bonifacio, P., Centurion, M., Vladilo, G.,
Astron. Astrophys. 349, no. 1, L13-16
(1999).
-
Levshakov, S.A., Agafonova, I.I. & Kegel, W.H. 2000b, Astron.
Astrophys. in preparation
astro-ph/9911261.
-
Songaila, A., Cowie, L. L., Hogan, C. J. & Rugers, M.,
Nature 368, 599 (1994).
-
Burles, S., Kirkman, D.& Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J., 519, 18 (1999c).
-
Lemoine et al., ``Deuterium Abundances'' New Astronomy,
astro-ph/9903043 (1999).
-
Rogerson, J. & York, D.G.,
Astrophys. J. 186, L95 (1973).
-
Linsky et al.,
Astrophys. J. 402, 694 (1993).
-
Linsky et al.,
Astrophys. J. 451, 335 (1995).
-
McCullough P.R.,
Astrophys. J. 390, 213 (1992).
-
Lemoine, M., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 308, 601 (1996).
-
Vidal-Madjar, A., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 338, 694 (1998).
-
Sahu, M. S. et al., Astrophys. J. Lett.
astro-ph/9908123.
-
Hébrand, G., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 350, 643 (1999).
-
Jenkins, E.B., et al.,
Astrophys. J. 520, 182
astro-ph/9901403 (1999).
-
Chengalur, Braun & Burton
Astrophys. Astron. 318, L35 (1997).
-
Wright, C. M., van Dishoeck, E. F., Cox, P., Sidher, S. D. &
Kessler, M. K.,
Astrophys. J. Lett. 515, L29 (1999).
-
Lubowich et al., Astrophy. J., submitted (1998).
-
Lubowich et al.,
Astrophy. J., 508, 729 (1998).
-
Mahaffy et al., in 1998 in
``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
(N. Prantzos, M. Tosi, & R. von Steiger, eds.)
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
-
Feuchtgruber, H. et al.,
Astron. Astrophys. 341, L17 (1999).
-
Geiss,J. & Gloeckler,G. in Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von
Steiger, R. (eds.) ``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
-
Gloeckler, G. reported at IAU 198, Natal, Brazil (1999).
-
Tosi, M., Steigman, G., Matteucci, F. & Chiappini, C.,
Astrophys. J. 498, 226 (1998).
-
Vangiono-Flam, E. & Cassé, M.,
Astrophys. J. 441, 729 (1995).
-
Timmes, F. X., Truran, J. W., Lauroesch, J. T. & York, D.
G., Astrophys. J. 476, 464 (1997).
-
Scully, S. Cassé, M., Olive, K. A. & Vangioni-Flam, E.,
Astrophys. J. 476, 521
astroph/9607106 (1997).
-
Wampler, E. J. Nature, 383, 308 (1996).
-
Songaila, A., Wampler, J. & Cowie, L. L.,
Nature 385, 137 (1997).
-
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astron. J. 114, 1330
astro-ph/9707176 (1997).
-
Tytler, D. & Burles, S.,
in ``Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies'' (eds. T. Kajino,
Y. Yoshii & S. Kubono) (World Scientific Publ. Co. 1997),
astro-ph/9606110, p. 37-63).
-
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
Astrophys. J. 499, L1
astro-ph/9802110 (1998).
-
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
Astron. Astrophys., 336, L29
astro-ph/9801108 (1998).
-
Levshakov, S.A., Agafonova, I.I. & Kegel, W.H. in preparation (2000a)
-
Kirkman, D., Tytler, D., & Burles, S., Astrophys. J. in press
astro-ph/9907128 (1999).
-
Rugers, M. & Hogan, C. J.,
AJ 111, 2135 (1996a).
-
Gnedin, N. Y. & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 400, 1 (1992).
-
Sigl, G., Jedamzik, K., Schramm, D. N., Berezinsky, V. S.,
Phys. Rev. D 52, 6682 (1995).
-
Holtmann, E., Kawasaki, M., Kohri, K. & Moroi, T., Phys.
Rev. D60, 023506
hep-ph/9805405 (1999).
-
Holtmann, E., Kawasaki, M., & Moroi, T.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3712
hep-ph/9603241 (1996).
-
Jedamzik, K., Mathews, G.J. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 441, 465 (1995).
-
Steigman, G.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 269, L53
(1994a).
-
Tytler, D., & Burles, S., in ``Origin of Matter and
Evolution of Galaxies'' (eds. T. Kajino, Y. Yoshii & S. Kubono) (World
Scientific Publ. Co. 1997)
(astro-ph/9606110) p. 37-63.
-
Rugers, M. & Hogan, C.J.,
Astrophys. J. 459, L1 (1996b).
-
Audouze, J., in conference ``Galactic Evolution...'' Meudon, (1998).
-
Ryan, S. G., Norris, J. E. & Beers, T. C., Astrophys. J.
astro-ph/9903059 (1999a).
-
Jakobsen, P., et al.
Nature 370, 35 (1994).
-
Wadsley, J.W., Hogan, C.J. & Anderson, S.F. to appear in proc.
``Clustering at High Redshift''
astro-ph/9911394 (1999)
-
Lequeux, J., et al.,
Astron. Astrophys. 80, 155 (1979).
-
Kunth, D. & Sargent, W.L.W.,
Astrophys. J. 273, 81 (1993).
-
Pagel, B.E.J., Terlevich, R.J. & Melnick, J., in Proc. Texas
Conf on Nebulae and Abundances (1996).
-
Pagel, B.E.J., Simonson, E.A., Terlevich, R.J. & Melnick, J.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 255, 325 (1992).
-
Skillman, E. D. et al.,
Astrophys. J. 431, 172 (1994).
-
Pagel, B.E.J., in ``The Light Element Abundances''
ed. P. Crane, (Springer: Berlin, 1995).
-
Izotov, Y.I., Thuan, T.X. & Lipovetsky, V.A.,
Astrophys. J. 435, 647 (1994).
-
Izotov, Y.I., Thuan, T.X. & Lipovetsky, V.A.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 108, 1 (1997).
-
Izotov, Y.I. & Thuan, T.X.,
Astrophys. J. 497, 227 (1998b).
-
Skillman, E. D., Terlevich, E. & Terlevich, R., in
``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
(N. Prantzos, M. Tosi, & R. von Steiger eds.)
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
-
Izotov, et al. Astrophys. J.
astro-ph/9907228 (1999).
-
Rood, T.R., Steigman, G & Tinsley, B.M.,
Astrophys. J. 207, L57 (1976).
-
Gloeckler, G. & Geiss, J.,
Nature 381, 210 (1996).
-
Galli, D., Palla, F., Ferrini, F. & Penco, U.,
Astrophys. J. 443, 536 (1995).
-
Olive, K.A. et al.,
Astrophys. J. 444, 680 (1995).
-
Yang, J., Turner, M. S., Steigman, G., Schramm, D. N. & Olive, K. A.,
Astrophys. J. 281, 493 (1984).
-
Hata, N., Scherrer, R.J., Steigman, G., Thomas, D. & Walker, T.P.,
Astrophys. J. 458, 637 (1996).
-
Rood, T.R., Bania, T. & Wilson, J.,
Nature 355, 618 (1992).
-
Balser, D.S., Bania, T.M., Rood, R.T. & Wilson, T.L.,
Astrophys. J. 510, 759 (1999).
-
Rood, R.T., Bania, T.M., Balser, D.S. & Wilson, T.L., in
(Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R. eds.) ``Primordial Nuclei and
their Galactic Evolution'' Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1998).
-
Arnould, M. & Forestini, F., in ``Nuclear Astrophysics, Reports in
Progress in Physics,'' (ed. M. Lozano, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1989).
-
Vangioni-Flam, E. Cassé, M. & Audouze, J.,
``Lithium-Beryllium-Boron: Origin and Evolution'', Phys. Rep.,
astro-ph/9907171 (1999).
-
Spite, F. & Spite, M.,
Astron. Astrophys. 115, 357 (1982).
-
Smith, V. V., Lambert, D. L., Nissen, P. E.,
Astrophys. J. 506, 405 (1998).
-
Bonifacio, P. and Molaro, P.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 285, 847 (1997).
-
Deliyannis, C.P., Boesgaard, A.M. & King, J.R.,
Astrophys. J. 452, L13 (1995).
-
Lemoine, M., Schramm, D.N., Truran, J.W. & Copi, C.J.,
Astrophys. J. 478, 554
astro-ph/9610092 (1997).
-
Boesgaard, A.M., Deliyannis, C.P., Stephens, A. & King, J.R.,
Astrophys. J. 493, 206 (1998).
-
Vauclair, S. & Charbonnel, C.,
Astron. Astrophys. 295, 715 (1995).
-
Vauclair, S. & Charbonnel, C.,
Astrophys. J. 502, 372
astro-ph/9802315 (1998).
-
Smith, V. V., Lambert, D. L. & Nissen, P. E.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 85, 219 (1993).
-
Hobbs, L.M. & Thorburn, J.A.
Astrophys. J. 491, 772 (1997).
-
Cayrel, R., Spite, M., Spite, F., Vangioni-Flam, E.,
Cassé, M & Audouze, J.
Astron. Astrophys. 343, 923 (1999).
-
Thomas, D., Schramm, D. N., Olive, K. A., & Fields, B. D.,
Astrophys. J. 406, 569 (1993).
-
Vangiono-Flam, E., et al.,
New Ast 4, 245
astro-ph/9811327 (1999).
-
Fields, B.D., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 435, 185 (1994).
-
Boesgaard, A.M., Deliyannis, C.P., King, J.R., Ryan, S.G., Vogt, S.S.
& Beers, T.C.
Astron. J. 117, 1549 (1999).
-
Kernan, P.J. & Sarkar, S.,
Phys. Rev. D 54, 3681
astro-ph/9603045 (1996).
-
Kainulainen, K., Kurki-Suonio, H. & Sihvola, E., ``Inhomogeneous
big-bang
nucleosynthesis in light of recent observations.''
Phys. Rev. D 59, 083505 (1999)
astro-ph/9807098.
-
Hata, N., Steigman, G., Bludman, S. & Langacker, P.,
Phys. Rep. Lett. 75, 3977 (1995).
-
Steigman, G., in ``Critical Dialogues in Cosmology'' (ed. N.
Turok), World Scientific, 1996), p.63.
-
Jedamzik, K., in Proc. ``Neutrino
Astrophysik'' (1998), Ringberg 1997
astro-ph/9805156.
-
March-Russell, J. Murayama, H. & Riotto, A., ``The Small Observed
Baryon Asymmetry from a Large Lepton Asymmetry''
hep-ph/9908396.
-
Shi, X., Fuller, G. M. & Abazajian, K., Phys. Rev. D 60, 063002
astro-ph/9905259 (1999).
-
Giovannini, M. & Shaposhnikov, M. E.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 22 (1998).
-
Rehm, J. B. & Jedamzik, K.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3307 (1998).
-
Damour, T. & Pichon, B., Phys. Rev. D 59, 123502
astro-ph/9807176 (1999).
-
Epstein, R.I. & Petrosian, V.,
Astrophys. J. 197, 281 (1975).
-
Hogan, C.J.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.185, 889 (1978).
-
Malaney, R.A. & Mathews, G.,
Phys. Rep. 229, 147 (1993).
-
Gnedin, N. Y., Ostriker, J. P. & Rees, M. J.,
Astrophys. J. 438, 40 (1995).
-
Copi, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 451, 51 (1995).
-
Copi, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 2758 (1997).
-
Steigman, G., Schramm, D. N., & Gunn, J.E.
Phys. Lett. B66, 202 (1977).
-
Denegri, D., Sadoulet, B. & Spiro, M.,
Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 1 (1990).
-
Lisi, E., Sarkar, S. & Villante, F.L.,
Phys. Rev. D 59, 123520
astro-ph/9901404 (1999).
-
Lindley, D.,
Astrophys. J. 294, 1 (1985).
-
Audouze, J., Lindley, D. & Silk, J.,
Astrophys. J. 293, L53 (1985).
-
Kohri, K. & Yokoyama, J.,
astro-ph/9908160 (1999).
-
López-Suárez, J. & Canal, R., Astrophys. J. submitted
astro-ph/9804235 (1999).
-
Gunn, J. E. & Peterson, B. A.,
Astrophys. J. 142, 1633 (1965).
-
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 514, 1 (1999).
-
Rauch, M., et al., Astrophys. J. 489, 7
(1997).
-
Weinberg, D. H., Miralda-Escude, J., Hernquist, L., & Katz,
N., Astrophys. J. 490, 564 (1997).
-
Zhang, Y., Meiksin, A., Anninos, P., Norman, M. L.,
Astrophys. J. 496, 63 (1998).
-
Maloney, P.R. & Bland-Hawthorn, Astrophys. J. Lett.
astro-ph/9907197.
-
White, S. D. M., Navarro, J. F., Evrard, A., Frenk, C.,
Nature 366, 429 (1993).
-
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J. P.
1994, Astrophys. J., 429, 4 (1994).
-
Pen, U.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 115, 19 (1998).
-
Grego, L. et al. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 192, 1707,
194, 5807, and in preparation (1998).
-
Boute, D.A. & Canizares,C.R.,
Astrophys. J. 457, 565 (1996).
-
Rines, K., Forman, W., Pen, U. & Jones, C.,
Astrophys. J. 517, 70 (1999).
-
Arnaud, M. & Evrard, A.E., Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.
astro-ph/9806353 (1999).
-
Bahcall, N.A., Ostriker, J.P., Perlmutter, S. & Steinhardt,
P.J., Science 284, 1481 (1999).
-
Freese, K., Fields, B. & Graff, D., in Proceedings of the
19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology
astro-ph/9904401 (1999).
-
Madau, P. & Pozzetti, L., Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.,
astro-ph/9907315 (1999).
-
Kamionkowski, M., Jungman, G., Kosowsky, A. & Spergel, D.N., in AAS
Pacific Conf. Ser. 99 (1996) (ed. S.S. Holt & G. Sonneborn), p.74.
-
Lineweaver, C.H., Barbosa, D., Blanchard, A. & Bartlett, J.G.,
Astron. Astrophys. 322, 365 (1997).
-
Ellis, J.R. astro-ph/9903003