Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1992. 30: 653-703 Copyright © 1993 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved

Reprinted with kind permission from Annual Reviews, 4139 El Camino Way, Palo Alto, California, USA

KEY WORDS: cosmology, galaxy formation, anisotropy

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

STATISTICS AND ASSUMPTIONS

The Amplitude Distribution and Spectrum of Fluctuations

Analysis Procedures

OBSERVATIONS

Observations on Angular Scales < 1'

Observations on Angular Scales 1'-1°

Anisotropy Observations at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory

Anisotropy Observations at the South Pole

Balloon-Borne Anisotropy Observations

Observations on the Ratan 600 meter Telescope

Summary of Upper Limits in the Range 0.1-100'

Observations on Angular Scales 1-20°

Observations in Antarctica

Balloon Observations at 19.2 GHz

Balloon Observations at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths

Observations at Medicina and Tromsö

Observations at Tenerife

CONFUSING FOREGROUND SIGNALS

Confusion by Discrete Radio Sources

Confusion by Galactic Synchrotron Emission

Confusion by Galactic Free-Free Emission

Confusion by Galactic Dust Emission

The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

FUTURE PROSPECTS

Instrumental and Atmospheric Effects

New Instruments

REFERENCES