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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.CHANDRA: A NEW PARADIGM

2.POPULATION STUDIES IN X-RAYS

2.1.X-Ray Photometry

2.2.X-Ray Luminosity Functions

3.OLD X-RAY BINARY POPULATIONS

3.1.Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in Early-Type Galaxies: There They Are - Past and Present

3.2.Source Spectra and Variability

3.3.X-Ray Luminosity Functions of Low-Mass X-Ray Binary Populations

3.4.Association of Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries with Globular Clusters: The Facts

3.5.Metallicity and Dynamical Effects in Globular Cluster Low-Mass X-Ray Binary Formation

3.6.Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries: Field Binaries or Globular Cluster Sources?

3.7.Young Early-Type Galaxies and Rejuvenation

4.YOUNG XRB POPULATIONS

4.1.X-Ray Source Populations of Spiral and Irregular Galaxies

4.2.X-Ray Luminosity Functions - the X-Ray Luminosity Function of the Star-Forming Population

5.SUPER-SOFT SOURCES (SSSs) AND QUASI-SOFT SOURCES (QSSs)

6.ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES

6.1.Association of ULXs with Active Star-Forming Stellar Populations

6.2.Spectra and Time Variability from Chandra and XMM-Newton

6.3.Counterparts at Other Wavelengths

6.4.Models of ULX Formation and Evolution, and Paths for Future Work

7.X-RAY EMISSION AND GALAXY EVOLUTION

REFERENCES